Equal+Rights+Amendment

Civil Rights

Home

**__Equal Rights Amendment__** There was a very lengthily battle of passing the Equal Rights Amendment, because of the battle of sexes and discrimination of women. It passed in the year of 1972. The Supreme Court played a major role when it came to gender discrimination and equality. Years before Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment the Supreme Court decided a large number of the cases; which were all based on the legal treatment and importance issues based on gender equality and discrimination. The decisions of the Supreme Court impacted the outcome of the Equal Rights Amendment in a major way. Sources: 1. Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)

__Before the Equal Rights Amendment__ Respect that applies with Negro women is over looked; they have been doubly victimized, because of their race and sex. Before there was any equal rights back in the slavery days African American women suffered from brutal violent invasions of their personal character and dignity that any women can ever experience. During this time any children that slaves had they also belong to the owner, and it was the same for female animals. Back then if you raped a slave it wasn’t a criminal offense. A slave woman had no resources to report rape if it was by the master; the only right they had the time was 2 exist.

Sources: 1. T. Cade, THE BLACK WOMEN (1970); Murray, The Liberation of Black Women, in M. Thompson, supra note 1, at 81; Pressman, Job Discrimination and the Black Women, THE CRISIS, March 1970, at 103. 2. J. Wheeler, A PRATICAL TREATISE ON THE LAW OF SLAVERY 23-26, 132, 325 (18 37). //See also// Erwin v. Kilpatrick, 3 Hawks 456, 458 (N.C. 1825); Harris v. Clarissa, 6 Yerger 227, 244-45 (Tenn. 1834). [] =

__**Sex Trafficking In Thailand **__

Sex Trafficking is when women are forced into sex slavery in different parts of the world. One of the major areas where sex trafficking occurs is in Thailand. In Thailand, trafficking is an estimated 500 billion annual business; trafficking is 50%-60% of the government's budget, and more profitable then the drug trade**1.** Before Thailand became a destination for women; it was a sending country for trafficked women. Now that Thailand has become a destination for women of sex trafficking they receive women from Russia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Czech, Slovak Republics, and South America**2**. Women are most commonly sent to The Netherlands and Germany, The European Union, Japan, Australia, India, Malaysia, and the Middle East to be exploited by the men, or people that want to "buy" them for that day**3**. The age of the trafficked women in Thailand is anywhere from 12-16 years old. They are sent to prison-like conditions; where they are taking advantage of, and then sent back to their "owners**4.**" In 1991 women were being sold for as little as $2,400 up to $18,000 for each of the women**9**. In 1996 foreign women made up the majority of prostitutes in 40 sexual establishments; these establishments are masked as karaoke bars, restaurants, and massage like settings. Although Thai women make up a majority for sex trafficking in some places you will not find Thai women at all**5**. In mid-1997 an increasing number of young girls where taking out of there families into the sex environment; then used by men that have paid for them in anyway sexually that they choose to, and more than 60% are under 18 years old, are entering Thailand through Mae Sai checkpoint into massage parlors, and other undercover spots that were talked about earlier**6.** Fewer girls from Northern Thailand have entered the sex industry in the past few years. As the numbers of Thai girls decline they are replaced by women and girls from Burma and southern China**7**. The Chinese women are also paid for their sexual "duties"; they average between $40,000 to $50,000 for their expenses, and then paid another amount of $1, 500 to $2,000 by the men that they service. The men that send these women to "work" take at least half of what they earn. European women are paid anywhere from $60,000 to $70,000 for their services; these European women stayed at apartments in Pratunam and Soi Nana, and their owners did not take any of the earnings they received**8**.

Sources: http://www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/thailand.htm
 * 1) (Authorites and activists, Kulachada Chaipipat, "New law targets human trafficking," //The Nation//, 30 Novermber 1997)
 * 2) (CATW - Asia Pacific, //Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific//)
 * 3) ("Trafficking of Women to the European Union: Characterisitics, Trends and Policy Issues," European Conference on Trafficking in Women, (June 1996), IOM, 7 May 1996) and (CATW - Asia Pacific, //Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific//)
 * 4) (CATW - Asia Pacific, //Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific//)
 * 5) (Kritaya Archavanitkul, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, //The Passage of Women in Neighbouring Countries Into the Sex Trade in Thailand//, "Academic urges action in war against flesh trade," Yindee Lertcharoenchok, Mukdawan Sakboon, //The Nation//, 28 May 1997
 * 6) (World Vision’s Bansit Thathorn, the coordinator of the NGO Burmese women, Aphaluck Bhatiasevi, "Influx of Burmese sex workers via Mae Sai//," Bangkok Post//, 2 June 1997)
 * 7) (Kritaya Archavanitkul, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, //The Passage of Women in Neighbouring Countries Into the Sex Trade in Thailand//, "Academic urges action in war against flesh trade," Yindee Lertcharoenchok, Mukdawan Sakboon, //The Nation//, 28 May 1997)
 * 8) ("Thailand popular haunt for foreign prostitues," //The Nation//, 15 January 1997)
 * 9) (CATW - Asia Pacific, //Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific//)

Civil Rights

Home