2+Group+3+Inventions


 * The telegraph** was the primary communication device that allowed for the transmitting and receiving of messages due to sound beeps who’s length, pitch, and speed gave them a meaning either of word, a abbreviation, end of word, or letter. On May 13 1897 the first use of Morse Code was initiated, after a slight error. There were many iterations of the device, though each of them accomplished the same goal. One of the most unique things about it however, was the fact that people used it to create and bind legal contracts which had to be upheld, unlike email. Using wires to pass the information, it lead to the basework of the telephone and eventually the algorithims for email.


 * The Bessemer Process of Steel Production** is a unique, practical, and still used to this date process to purify Steel. It oxidizes the imperfections out of the molten iron ore, which means it injects air, blowing the imperfections away. First the iron ore must be kept molten throughout the entire operation (trying to inject air into solid iron is impossible). The molten ore is kept in a Bessemer converter which is lined with silica, clay, or dolomite, each of the materials used to prevent the molten ore from melting the converter. The converter is mounted on pivots so it’s free to rotate, allowing various sections of the material to be perforated by oxygen. There are also various perforations or holes that allow the oxygen to penetrate it at various angles. To date this is still the process used to purify the molten ore.


 * Railroads** were the most practical method of transportation back in the eighteen hundreds for materials, food, people, livestock, just about anything that had to be used. The steel slats had to be thick enough so that they could support the vast weight of the train, thin enough to be able to be bent/manipulated in such a way that the train could turn. The first railway was created in Scotland, which was named the Kilmarnock and Troon. Trains during this era were steam powered, coals used to heat water, powering the turbines which powered the engine, which at the time, there was plenty of coal to fuel the machines. It was a safe, practical, and efficient way to travel. Still, it is one way to ship goods.

2 Group 3