Monopolies(1-4)

This was the acquisition of additional business activities at the same level of a value chain. Growth from internal or external expansion through mergers and acquisitions of firms offering similar products and services. For example, the standard oil company's acquisitions of 490 refineries. Benefits include economies of scales, selling more of the same product, economies of scope, sharing resources common to different products(called synergies), increased market power and reducing the cost of international trade by operating factories in foreign markets. Cons of horizontal integration is based on an if, then statement. If indrustry concentration increases a lot, then anti-trust issues may rise. http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/horizontal-integration/
 * Horizontal Integration:**

When a company expands its business into areas that are at different points of the same production path. http://investopedia.com/terms/v/verticalintegration.asp
 * Vertical Integration:**

As a company would grow the amount of consumers grew. They felt the need to produce the essential items that kept their business going. The sales would reduce the average marketing cost per unit. Buying in bulk and mass production will always be a big part of the US because we're always looking for cheaper ways to do things. http://www.beginnermoneyinvesting.com/html/bulk_buying_economies_.htm
 * Buying in Bulk and Mass Production:**

Group 4